93-02: Control of Microbiological Contaminants in Small Cooling Systems Energy Evaluation A planned refinery expansion required

A planned refinery expansion required 1500 GPM of additional cooling water

The work involved demolition of the severely degraded crossflow cooling heat exchange system and installing an all new composite fiberglass support structure

Several typical examples will be presented along with appropriate charts and graphs to clarify proper application

This paper is based on a previous one from 2010 where a new full cone cooling tower nozzle of a much better distribution quality was described

The cooling tower data will be used as a starting point and the CTI toolkit will be used to calculate psychrometric properties and the Merkel number at off-design conditions to calculate the temperature of the cold water leaving the cooling tower using the slop of the cooling tower characteristic curve

93-02: Control of Microbiological Contaminants in Small Cooling Systems Energy Evaluation A planned refinery expansion requiredMaintenance programs on the vast majority of cooling towers and attendant open recirculating water systems of 200 tons and smaller are owner administered. The primary means employed for control of microbiological contamination is hand dosing of commercially available biocides. Highlights of a one year study, conducted on a variety of cooling systems at a major university, are presented which show the effectiveness of the biocides and their recommended