Ciskei Lieutenant Colonel’s Epaulette GWOT especially when compared to smaller

especially when compared to smaller intermediate cartridges like the 5

and occupied by mutineers

navigation patrols and first aid courses run by volunteer CF and CDO (Commando) instructors

including 2 Reconnaissance Commando (Citizen Force) in Johannesburg

Some samples are screwback (like this particular one here) others have a safety pin on the reverse

Ciskei Lieutenant Colonel’s Epaulette GWOT especially when compared to smallerCiskei Defence Force Lieutenant Colonels Rank slip on Epaulette. The third photo shows Colonel Jan Breytenbach and Captain Labuchagne wearing the same style of CDF Officer slip on epaulettes. Each of the four nominally independent homelands Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, and Venda maintained small defense forces that were effectively under SADF control, despite each government's claim to national sovereignty. (No country except South Africa